Kunzima Kangakanani Ukukhuphuka Intaba i-Everest?

Ukukhuphuka i-Everest kungenye yezinselele ezinkulu zomzimba, zengqondo kanye nezezezimali emhlabeni. Kuyintaba ephakeme kakhulu, umoya uphansi kakhulu, futhi isimo sezulu singashintsha kalula. Abakhuphukayo baphoqeleka ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi, izindawo ezingaphephile ezineqhwa, izivunguvungu kanye namathuba okuthintwa ukugula kokuphakama. Kudinga futhi amasonto okuqeqeshwa, imishini efanele, usizo lochwepheshe kanye nesabelomali esikhulu ngaphambi kokukhuphuka.

Nakuba amagiya esimanje, izintambo eziqinile, kanye nezibikezelo zesimo sezulu ezithuthukisiwe kuye kwathuthukisa impumelelo eziqongweni, i-Everest isalokhu iyibhizinisi elingathi sína neliyingozi. Akuwona wonke umuntu okufanele azame ukukhuphuka intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Abantu abalungiselele kahle, abanolwazi olufanele, kanye nokukhuthazela okuhle ngokomzimba kuphela okufanele bazame.

Lo mhlahlandlela uzobonisa ubunzima bokukhuphuka i-Everest, ukuthi kungani kunzima, nokuthi yini okufanele ikwaziwe abaqwali ngaphambi kokuyizama.

Impumelelo kanye namazinga okufa

Ukukhuphuka i-Everest sekuphephe kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, futhi izinga lokufa libonisa ukuthi intaba iphephile kunangaphambili. Namuhla, abantu abangaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu abakhuphuka ngaphezu kwe-Base Camp bangafika esiqongweni.

Lesi yisinyathelo esikhulu esiqonde ngqo uma siqhathaniswa namashumi eminyaka amadala, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yemishini ethuthukisiwe, izintambo ezihleliwe kusengaphambili, ukutholakala komoya-mpilo, izibikezelo zesimo sezulu kanye nokuvakasha okuqondisiwe.

Noma kunjalo, cishe amaphesenti angu-1 kuya kwangu-1.2 abantu abakhuphuka izintaba bafa e-Everest ngakho-ke, ingozi ayizange ithathwe kalula.

Impumelelo kanye namazinga okufa

Impumelelo yethrafikhi kanye nomzila nakho kudlala indima enkulu. Uhlangothi lwaseNepal luminyene kakhulu futhi luthola inani elikhulu kakhulu labakhweli uma kuqhathaniswa nohlangothi lwaseTibet. Amazinga empumelelo emzileni oseningizimu cishe angama-60-70%, kanti iNorth Ridge ngezinye izikhathi iphakeme.

Isikhathi sokukhuphuka okuyinhloko yintwasahlobo, kanti ukukhuphuka kwekwindla akuphumelelanga kangako ngenxa yesimo sezulu esingazinzile.

Izimbangela zokufa zivame ukuhluka kulokho abantu abakulindele. Iningi lokufa alibangelwa ukuqhekeka kweqhwa noma ukuwa, kodwa libangelwa ukugula okubangelwa ukuphakama, ukukhathala, umkhuhlane omkhulu, kanye nezinkinga zempilo ngesikhathi sokwehla.

Sekukonke, ukukhuphuka i-Everest kunzima hhayi nje ngenxa yekhono lokukhuphuka kodwa futhi nangenxa yokuphakama, isimo sezulu, ukuhamba kwesikhathi eside, ukuminyana, kanye nengozi eqhubekayo.

Izinselele Zomzimba: Ukuphakama Nokuzivumelanisa Nezimo

Ukukhuphuka i-Everest akuyona nje indaba yekhono lobuchwepheshe. Okunzima kakhulu ukusabela komzimba womuntu emoyeni ophansi kanye nokuphakama okuphezulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi abaqwali balungiselele imizimba yabo kahle ukuze bakwazi ukusinda ezimweni ezinjalo.

Ukuphakama okukhulu (i-hypoxia)

Isiqongo se-Everest singamamitha angu-8,849 ukuphakama futhi sisendaweni yokufa, enokuqukethwe komoya-mpilo okuphansi kakhulu. Umfutho womoya kulokhu ukuphakama cishe uyingxenye yesithathu yezinga lolwandle, ngakho-ke ukuphefumula kunzima kakhulu.

Abaqwali bezintaba cishe bazoba ne-Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) ngaphandle kokujwayela kahle, okuholela ekhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, isiyezi, ngisho nokukhathala.

Uma lesi simo sikhula kakhulu, singase sibangele i-HAPE (uketshezi emaphashini) noma i-HACE (ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni), okusongela ukuphila.

Abaqwali abangaqinile kakhulu bazizwa bebuthakathaka, bedidekile futhi bekhathele kule ndawo ephakeme.

Amashejuli okufunda nokubhala

Ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi zokuphakama, abaqwali banamathela ohlelweni lokujwayela oluqhubekayo oluvame ukuthatha amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili. Bakhuphukela emakamu aphezulu bese behlela emakamu aphansi ukuze baphumule.

Le ndlela yokukhuphuka phezulu kanye neyokwehlisa ubuthongo isiza umzimba ukuthi uzivumelanise nomoya omncane ngaphambi kokufika esicongweni sokugcina.

Ukufaneleka nokuqeqeshwa

Ukukhuphuka kwe-Everest kudinga ukuqina komzimba okuphezulu, amandla, kanye namandla angokwengqondo. Iningi labakhuphukayo lithatha izinyanga eziyi-6-12 lokuqeqeshwa futhi lijwayele ezinye izintaba eziphakeme ngaphambi kokukhuphuka i-Everest.

Izinto okufanele uzicabangele ngeminyaka kanye nempilo

Impumelelo nayo ithonywa ubudala kanye nempilo. Abaqwali abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-50 basengozini enkulu yokuba sengozini, ngakho-ke ukuqina komzimba okuhle kanye nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kubalulekile ngaphambi kokuba banyathele i-Everest.

Izinselele Zokukhuphuka Kobuchwepheshe

I-Everest akuyona intaba enobuchwepheshe kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa inezici eziningana eziyinselele neziyingozi. Abaqwali kumele bawele iqhwa eliqongile, izintaba zeqhwa, kanye namagquma anamatshe besebenzisa imishini ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, futhi bengenamanzi.

Umzila waseNingizimu Col (ohlangothini lwaseNepal)

Indlela ethandwa kakhulu eya esiqongweni umzila weSouth Col. I-Khumbu Icefall ingenye yezici eziyingozi kakhulu futhi iyiqhwa elishintsha njalo eliqukethe imifantu ejulile kanye namabhulokhi amakhulu eqhwa. Izitebhisi nezintambo eziqinile ezibekwe amaqembu eSherpa zisetshenziswa abaqwali ukuwela.

Bese beya eLhotse Face ukuze bafinyelele ngaphezu kwamakamu. Uhambo lokugcina oluphezulu luqala ngamagquma nezindawo ezingenalutho njengeCornice Traverse kanye nesifunda saseHillary Step. Lunosizo olukhulu lokutakula kanye nokwelashwa emakamu ayisisekelo; nokho, lokhu kugcwele kakhulu.

Umgwaqo iNortheast Ridge (ohlangothini lwaseTibet)

Akukho Icefall emzileni osenyakatho, futhi lo mzila unedwala eliyindilinga elaziwa ngokuthi yi-First and Second Steps. Ukuze bahambe ezindaweni ezinjalo emoyeni omncane, abakhuphukayo kufanele basebenzise izintambo eziqinile kanye nezitebhisi.

Lena indlela engematasa kangako futhi egcwele imimoya enamandla kakhulu, futhi akukho ukuhlengwa kwendiza enophephela emhlane ngaphezu kwekamu lesisekelo.

Isimo sezulu nomoya

Isimo sezulu e-Everest asiguquguquki kakhulu. Umoya unamandla ngokwanele ku-8,000 m, mhlawumbe ngaphezu kwe-100 mph, futhi izinga lokushisa lingase lehle liye ku--40 °C. Abaqwali bavame ukulinda isikhathi esifushane sezulu esihle entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba bazame ukuqopha.

Ukuthutha kanye Nezindleko

Akugcini nje ngokufuna ukukhuphuka iNtaba i-Everest ngokomzimba, kodwa futhi kuthatha isikhathi, kudinga ukuhlelwa kahle, futhi kudinga isabelomali esikhulu. Uhambo ngalunye luza nesethi yezimvume, iziqondiso, imishini ekhethekile, kanye namasonto okuqeqeshwa ngaphambi kokuba umuntu akhuphuke intaba.

Izimvume kanye nezimali

Ukukhuphuka i-Everest kulawulwa ngokuqinile ohulumeni. Imvume yokukhuphuka eNepal ibiza cishe u-$11,000, kanye nediphozithi kadoti ebuyiselwayo engu-$4,000 uma kwenzeka abakhuphukayo bebuyisa imfucuza yabo.

Ngasohlangothini lwaseTibet, izimvume ngokuvamile ziphakathi kwamaRandi ayi-16,000 namaRandi ayi-18,000. Amakhulu amaningi ezimvume akhishwa minyaka yonke, okwenza imali engenayo ibe yizigidi zamaRandi.

Ngenxa yokwanda kokuminyana entabeni, kunezingxoxo ezikhulayo mayelana nokunciphisa inani lezimvume zokukhwela izintaba esikhathini esizayo.

Iziqondiso nokusekelwa

Iningi labakhweli abahlanganyela ohambweni lwezentengiselwano liqondiswa ochwepheshe. Wonke umkhweli uvame ukuqasha okungenani iSherpa eyodwa noma umthwali wemithwalo osezingeni eliphezulu osetshenziswa ukuthwala izimpahla, ukusetha izintambo, nokusiza ekuqhutshweni kwesiqongo.

Uhambo olujwayelekile lwe-Everest lubiza u-$30,000- $50,000 ngezinkombandlela, umoya-mpilo, ukudla, kanye nempahla, kanti uhambo lokunethezeka lubiza ngaphezu kuka-$100,000.

Isisetshenziswa

Abaqwali bezintaba badinga imishini ekhethekile ephakeme ehlanganisa isudi yokulala, amabhuzu afudumele, ama-crampon, i-harness, isigqoko, izibuko zokulala ezibandayo kakhulu. Badinga futhi uhlelo lwe-oxygen kanye nemaski, abalawuli, amatende, i-GPS, kanye nekhithi yezokwelapha. Ngisho namaqembu amaningi anamafoni e-satellite kanye namakamelo okucindezela aphathwayo uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo.

Umugqa wesikhathi wohambo

Isikhathi esichithwa ohambweni oluphelele oluya e-Everest ngokuvamile singamaviki ayi-6-8. Siqalwa ngokulungiselela eKathmandu, bese kuba uhambo lwezinsuku eziyi-10-12 oluya eBase Camp.

Abakhuphukayo babe sebedlula amasonto athile beshintshana ngokujwayelana phakathi kwamakamu. Umzamo wokugcina wokukhuphuka wenziwa ngemva kwesikhathi sokuhola sezinsuku ezingu-4-6, lapho isimo sezulu sicacile, bese kwehla bese kuthathwa uhambo oluya eLukla bese kundizela eKathmandu.

Izingozi Zesimo Sezulu Nezinhloso

INtaba i-Everest ayiyona nje inselele ngenxa yokuphakama kwayo, kodwa futhi iyinselele ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi kanye nezingozi zemvelo. Isizini engcono kakhulu yokukhuphuka isentwasahlobo, kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya ekupheleni kukaMeyi, lapho imimoya ingabi namandla kangako. Ngisho nakulesi sikhathi sonyaka, kungase kube neziphepho ezingazelelwe, iziphepho ezinkulu, kanye nokubanda kwezinga lokushisa.

Ubusuku be-summit bubanda kakhulu futhi bungaba phansi kakhulu kufike ku--40°C futhi imimoya ingenza kube nzima kakhulu ukukhuphuka. Abakhweli bezintaba baqapha ngokucophelela izimo zezulu, futhi balinda amafasitela amafushane ezulu ukuze bazame ukufika phezulu.

I-Khumbu Icefall ingabhekwa njengenye yezindawo eziyingozi kakhulu ohlangothini lwaseNepal. Iyiqhwa elihambayo futhi eliqukethe imifantu ejulile kanye nemibhoshongo yeqhwa engazinzile. Abakhuphukayo bayalidlula ekuseni kakhulu lapho iqhwa lizinzile, yize lisabikezeleka futhi liyingozi.

Ezinye izingozi eziyingozi yizikhukhula zeqhwa kanye neqhwa eliwayo. I-southern col kanye nemithambeka ezungeze i-col ingaba nezikhukhula zeqhwa, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuwa kweqhwa elinamandla. Ukuwa kweqhwa kanye nokuwa kwamadwala nakho kungenzeka ngokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa emini.

Abaqwali kudingeka bahlale beqaphile ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenxa yalezi zingozi. I-Everest nayo kunzima ukuyisindisa. Ama-helicopter akwazi ukufinyelela inani elilinganiselwe lezindawo eziphakeme, futhi ngale kwamakamu aphezulu, abaqwali bavame ukufuna usizo lwabalingani babo noma abaqondisi beSherpa.

Izici Zabantu: Ukuminyana Nokwenza Izinqumo

Ukukhuphuka i-Everest akuwona umsebenzi olula; izici zomzimba azigcini nje ngokuba yinselele, kodwa izici zabantu njengokuminyana kanye nokwenza izinqumo nazo zinegalelo elikhulu.

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, inani labakhweli liye lakhula ngokuzumayo kakhulu. Lapho intaba igcwele abantu, amakhulu abakhweli angazama ukufika esicongweni ngosuku olufanayo. Cishe abakhweli abangu-400 babemi emgqeni eduze kwesiqongo ngo-2019. Ithrafikhi enjalo ingabangela abakhweli ukuba balinde amahora amaningi endaweni yokufa, lapho izinga lomoya-mpilo liphansi kakhulu, futhi amazinga okushisa ebanda. Lokhu kuyenza ikhathale futhi ibe yingozi kakhulu.

Intaba nayo ibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni izinqumo. Izingozi eziningi zenzeka ngenxa yokunganaki izimpawu zesixwayiso njengesimo sezulu esibi, ukukhathala, noma ukugula kokuphakama. Isikhathi esiqinile sokushintsha izinto ngokuvamile simiswa abaqondisi abanolwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abaqwali bezintaba bayalulama ngokuphephile ngaphambi kokuba izimo zibe yingozi. Isinqumo sokubuya singasindisa izimpilo.

Ukuphepha kuthonywa nayizinkambo zezentengiselwano kanye nezinga lesipiliyoni. Njengoba izinkambo ze-Everest zibiza kakhulu kodwa zitholakala, abanye babaqwali bezintaba bakhuphuka intaba ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho kokuphakama. Lokhu kungase kwandise izingozi zethimba lonke.

Enye inkinga ukuphepha kwamaSherpas nabathwali bemithwalo. AmaSherpas athwala imithwalo esindayo, afaka izintambo eziqinile futhi asebenza ezindaweni eziyingozi kakhulu zentaba. Abantu abaningana bashonile ngesikhathi besekela uhambo futhi lokhu kuphakamise izinkinga eziphathelene nokuphepha nokwelashwa.

Ukuqeqeshwa Nokuzilungiselela

Kufanele kube nokuqeqeshwa okujulile nokulungiselela ngaphambi kokukhuphuka intaba i-Everest. Ngenxa yokuthi intaba inkulu kakhulu futhi iyingozi, abaqwali kufanele baqeqeshe imizimba nezingqondo zabo ezinyangeni ngaphambi kohambo. Ngokuvamile kuyalulekwa ukuthi isikhathi esincane esidingekayo ukuzama i-Everest yizinyanga ezingu-6-9 zokuqeqeshwa okuhlelekile.

Esinye sezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuqeqeshwa ukukhuthazela kwe-aerobic. Zisetshenziswa ukwakha amandla ngokunyuka ngezinyawo, ukugijima, noma ukukhwela izitebhisi amahora angu-4-8. Lokhu kuzisiza ekuhambeni amahora amaningana kancane kancane ngosuku lokufika esicongweni.

Kunesidingo futhi sokwenza ukuqeqeshwa kwamandla. Ukuzikhandla, ukugxumagxuma, kanye nokuzivocavoca okuphakathi kusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuzinza kanye nokulinganisela ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka iqhwa eliqothulayo neqhwa. Izikhwama ezisindayo nazo zisetshenziswa ngabaningi abakhuphuka izintaba njengendlela yokuqeqesha ukuthwala izimpahla.

Esinye isinyathelo esibalulekile ukuqeqeshwa kokuphakama. Abaqwali bavame ukuziqeqesha ezintabeni ezincane, ezingaba amamitha ayi-6,000-7,000, futhi basizwa amatende akhethekile aklanyelwe ukuphakama ukuze imizimba yabo ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nomoya-mpilo ophansi.

Kukhona futhi nesici sobuchwepheshe samakhono anjengokusebenzisa ama-crampon, ama-ice axes, kanye nezintambo eziqinile okumele ziqalwe ngaphambi kohambo.

Okokugcina, ukulungiselela ngokwengqondo kuyadingeka ngokufanayo. Ukukhuphuka i-Everest kungathatha amasonto; ngakho-ke, abakhuphukayo kumele babe nesineke, bazithibe, futhi babe nekhono lokuhlala bezolile futhi begxile ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima kakhulu.

Ukunciphisa Ingozi kanye Nezimo Eziphuthumayo

Ukukhuphuka i-Everest kuyingozi; kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezisetshenziswa abaqwali bezintaba ukunciphisa izingozi kanye nokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo. Ukuhlela, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nokubambisana kunegalelo ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha ezintabeni.

Elinye lamathuluzi okusiza ukuphepha abaluleke kakhulu umoya-mpilo owengeziwe. Ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingaphezu kwamamitha angu-8,000, iningi labakhweli lisebenzisa umoya-mpilo osemabhodleleni ngoba umoya kulezi zindawo eziphakeme mncane kakhulu. Umoya-mpilo wenza ukuphefumula kube lula kwabakhweli futhi unciphisa ukukhathala endaweni yokufa.

Ukubikezela isimo sezulu nakho kubalulekile. Izibikezelo zesathelayithi ezithathwa njalo amaqembu zingasetshenziswa ukubikezela isikhathi esifushane sezulu esizinzile, esaziwa nangokuthi amafasitela esimo sezulu. Abaqwali balinda la mafasitela aphephile ngaphambi kokuba bazame ukufika esiqongweni.

Ukukhuphuka kuba kuphephile ngokusebenzisa izintambo eziqinile kanye nezinhlelo zemizila. Ama-ladders, izintambo kanye nemizila ephawulwe ngendlela ethile kufakwa entabeni ngamathimba eSherpa. Le migqa ezinzile isetshenziswa abakhuphukayo ukuvimbela izindawo eziyingozi nokunciphisa amathuba okuwa.

Omunye umthetho wokuphepha ukuphathwa kwesikhathi. Abaqondisi bazobeka amashejuli okushintsha izinto aqinile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abaqwali bafika esicongweni ngaphambi kokuba isimo sezulu noma ukukhathala kuthinte.

Usizo lokutakula kanye nokusekelwa kwezokwelapha kulinganiselwe kodwa kusengasiza abaqwali ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Uhlangothi lwaseNepal luyakwazi ukuhlenga abaqwali ngezindiza ezinophephela emhlane kwamanye amakamu aphezulu, kanti iBase Camp inomtholampilo wezokwelapha wokwelapha isifo sokuphakama.

Naphezu kwezinyathelo, kusengenzeka ukuthi kube nesimo esiphuthumayo, futhi, kulokhu, ukusebenzisana, amadivayisi okuxhumana, kanye nokulungiselela okuhle yizona zinto kuphela ezingasiza abaqwali bezintaba.

Ukuqhathaniswa Komzila: iSouth Col vs. iNorth Ridge

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhuphuka iNtaba i-Everest: Indlela yaseSouth Col eNepal kanye nendlela yaseNorth Ridge eTibet (eShayina). Zombili lezi zibhekwa njengezindlela ezivamile eziya esiqongweni, kodwa ziyahlukahluka ngobunzima, ukuphepha, inani labantu, kanye nezindlela zokuhamba.

izimfanelo	ISouth Col (Nepal/SE Ridge)	INorth Col (Tibet/NE Ridge)
Izingqungquthela (2025)	731 isiyonke (amaklayenti namaSherpas)	Inani eliphelele elingu-120 (izakhamuzi zaseShayina kuphela)
Izinga Lempumelelo (amalungu)	63% (entwasahlobo ka-2025)	86% (entwasahlobo ka-2025)
Izinga Lokufa	I-1.1-1.2%	I-1.0-1.1%
Ikamu Lokusondela Nesisekelo	Uhambo lwezinsuku eziyi-10 (indiza kaLukla) eya e-BC ku-5364 m	I-Jeep/4×4 ukuya e-BC ku-5150 m
Amakamu Aphakeme (m)	Ikamu 1: 6065, Ikamu 2: 6400, Ikamu 3: 7200, Ikamu 4 (South Col): 7900	Ikamu 1: 6100, Ikamu 2 (North Col): 7000, Ikamu 3: 7600 (cishe)
Izingozi Ezinkulu	I-Khumbu Icefall kanye ne-seracs (Ikamu 1); i-Hillary/Cornice traverse (8840m); imifantu eqhweni	Izinyathelo Zokuqala/Zesibili (idwala ku-8000–8600m); imimoya enamandla egqumeni; Akukho ndlela yokusindisa ngaphezu kwe-BC
Izintambo/Amaladi Aqinile	Yebo ezitebhisini ze-Icefall kanye nasezindaweni eziphakeme	Yebo ezinyathelweni zeSitebhisi Sesibili kanye nemigqa yomugqa
Helicopter Rescue	Kutholakala kuze kufike eKampeni III (23,500′)	Akukho ngaphezu kwe-Base Camp (akukho ukusetshenziswa kwe-helicopter)
Ukuminyana	Kuphezulu kakhulu (amakhulu ngobusuku be-peak)	Okumaphakathi (abaqwali bezintaba bambalwa; akukho zintaba zakwamanye amazwe zaseNtwasahlobo ka-2023 ngaphandle kwabasebenzi baseShayina)
Isimo sezulu/Isizini	Ngaphambi kwemvula (Ephreli-Meyi) kuyifasitela eliyinhloko; ikamu eliyisisekelo liyafudumala, iqhwa lantambama liyanda	Isizini efanayo; kubanda kakhulu ekamu (i-lat ephezulu) futhi imimoya inamandla kodwa ihamba ubusuku obufushane beqhwa
Ukuthutha/Izindleko	Imvume engu-$11K (Nepal), idiphozithi engu-$4K; Imali ye-Sagarmatha NP; Umhlahlandlela weSherpa ubalulekile; Izinto zokukhempa ze-BC vs izindawo zokuhlala zetiye kuze kufike eTengboche	Imvume $18K+ (eShayina); isikhulu sokuxhumana saseShayina esiphoqelelwe; ukuthutha okulula ukuya e-BC; abantu bendawo abambalwa abaqashiwe
ukuthandwa	Indlela ekhuphuke kakhulu kuze kube manje (96% yeziqongo zesimanje)	Ithrafikhi encane; kukhanga abantu abanolwazi ngezintaba, kuvame ukukhuphuka ngaphandle kwezixuku (iziqongo ezimbili/ezintathu ohlangothini lwaseNepal ngokomlando)

Ngokuvamile, lezi zindlela ezimbili zinzima ngandlela thile. Uhlangothi lwaseNepal lusebenza kakhulu futhi lwenziwe kahle, kanti uhlangothi lwaseTibet alusebenzi kangako, kodwa lunzima futhi luhlukile.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwezimiso Zokuziphatha Nezemvelo

INtaba i-Everest isibe yinkinga ebalulekile kwezemvelo kanye neyokuziphatha ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo okwandayo. Imiphumela yentaba kanye nabantu bendawo iyanda njengoba abantu abaningi abakhuphuka izintaba belwela ukufinyelela esicongweni minyaka yonke.

Umthelela wemvelo kanye nemfucuza

Imfucuza elahliwe entabeni ingenye yezinkinga. Wonke amalungu ohambo azokwazi ukukhiqiza amakhilogremu amaningana emfucuza, okuhlanganisa amabhodlela e-oxygen angenalutho, ukugoqwa kokudla, amatende adabukile, kanye nemfucuza yabantu. Lo mfucuza uqongelelene eminyakeni edlule emithambekeni ye-Everest.

Ukuze kusizwe ekuxazululeni le nkinga, iNepal yafaka idiphozithi kadoti, eyabiza abaqwali bezintaba u-$4000, futhi yilapho kuphela lapho bengathola khona imali uma kwenzeka bethwala udoti wabo. Amathani kadoti asusiwe ngemikhankaso yokuhlanza entabeni, kodwa izenzo zokukhathazeka ngemvelo zisazwakala.

Izinqubomgomo zokuminyana kanye nezimvume

I-Everest ingase iminyene kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi akukho ukulawula okuqinile kwezimvume zokukhuphuka okwamanje. Lokhu kubeka izingozi zokuphepha futhi kuphakamisa udaba lwemali engenayo yezokuvakasha uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphepha kwabakhuphukayo kanye nokulondolozwa kwemvelo.

Inhlalakahle kaSherpa

The USherpa Iziqondiso zibalulekile ohambweni lwe-Everest. Zinomthwalo osindayo, izintambo zokulungisa, futhi zingasebenza ezingxenyeni eziyingozi kakhulu zentaba. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kube nokuqaphela okwengeziwe ngokuphepha kwazo, isinxephezelo esihle, umshwalense, kanye nezimo zokusebenza ezinhle.

Iseluleko Esiwusizo Kwabafuna Ukukhuphuka

INtaba i-Everest iyintaba equkethe izinselele ezinkulu ezingenakwenziwa ngaphandle kokulungiselela nokuhlela okufanele. Noma ubani olangazelela lo mgomo kumele ahlaziye ngokucophelela izinhloso zakhe ngaphambi kokujoyina uhambo.

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini kanye nokufaneleka komzimba

Abaqwali kumele babe nolwazi ngezinye izintaba eziphakeme, okungcono izintaba ezingaphezu kwamamitha angu-7,000. Inqubo yokuqeqesha kumele iqale ezinyangeni ezingu-6-12 ngaphambi, kugxilwe ekukhuthazeleni, emandleni, kanye nokuhamba ngezinyawo okude nezikhwama ezisindayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okuqina ngosuku lwentaba.

Ukulungiselela ezokwelapha kanye nomzimba

Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kuyadingeka ngaphambi kohambo. Abaqwali kudingeka baqaphele ukuthi bakulungele ukubhekana nokuphakama okuphezulu nesimo sezulu esingavamile. Imithi yomuntu siqu kanye nemijovo nayo kufanele ilungiselelwe.

Igiya nezinto zokusebenza

Imishini ekhethekile edingwa abaqwali ihlanganisa isudi yokulala, amabhuzu avikelayo, ama-crampon, i-ice ax, isigqoko, amagilavu, izibuko zokuzivikela, kanye nesikhwama sokulala esinesilinganiso esingu--40 °C. Kunesidingo futhi sezinhlelo ze-oxygen, imaski engeziwe, kanye nokudla okunamandla aphezulu. Kubalulekile ukuhlola yonke imishini lapho uqeqesha.

Ukuthutha kanye nokuhlela

Kubalulekile ukuthola inkampani eqondisa abantu ezinzile. Ngaphambi kohambo, abaqwali bezintaba kufanele bazi uhlelo lohambo lwabo, izindlela zokuphepha, kanye nokuhlengwa okungenzeka.

Ukulungela kwengqondo nokuphepha

I-Everest idinga isineke, ukuzithiba, kanye nokwenza izinqumo ezifanele. Abaqwali bezintaba kufanele balungele ukubuya uma isimo siba sibi, futhi ukuphepha kufanele kuhlale kuyinto eza kuqala.

Isiphetho

Climbing Mount Everest kubhekwa njengomunye wemisebenzi enzima kakhulu emhlabeni. Akuyona nje kuphela isivivinyo sokukhuphuka kodwa futhi isivivinyo sokufaneleka komzimba, isivivinyo samandla engqondo, ukuhlela, kanye nesivivinyo sokwenza izinqumo.

I-Everest iyintaba eyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yokuphakama kwayo okukhulu, amazinga okushisa abandayo, imimoya enamandla, kanye nendawo eyingozi. Ukukhuphuka kusadinga ukulungiswa kanye nenhlonipho entabeni naphezu kokusetshenziswa kwemishini yesimanje, izintambo eziqinile, izibikezelo zezulu, kanye nabaqondisi abangochwepheshe.

Abantu abakhuphuka intaba ngempumelelo bavame ukuchitha izinyanga beqeqeshwa, bethola ulwazi lokuya ezindaweni eziphakeme, futhi belungiselela imishini efanele ngaphambi kokuqala uhambo. Kufanele futhi baqaphele izingozi, balandele imithetho yokuphepha, futhi benze izinqumo ezihlakaniphile ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka. Ukusebenza ngokubambisana, ukujwayela, kanye nokubekezela kuyindlela ezokwenza ukuthi i-top ifinyeleleke ngokuphephile.

I-Everest akuyona intaba ebuthakathaka nengalawuleki. Kubantu abakulungele, abaqeqeshwe futhi abahlonipha imvelo, ukuba sesicongweni somhlaba kungaba yinto ekhumbulekayo. Noma kunjalo, izinto zokuqala okufanele zibe khona lapho uzama lokhu kukhuphuka okudumile ukuphepha, umthwalo wemfanelo kanye nokukhathalela imvelo kanye nomphakathi wakwaSherpa.